Section 6.5 : More Volume Problems
2. Find the volume of the solid whose base is a disk of radius r and whose cross-sections are squares. See figure below to see a sketch of the cross-sections.

Show All Steps Hide All Steps
Here are a couple of sketches of the solid from three different angles. For reference the positive x-axis and positive y-axis are shown.

Because the cross-section is perpendicular to the y-axis as we move the cross-section along the y-axis we’ll change its area and so the cross-sectional area will be a function of y, i.e. A(y).
While the sketches above are nice to get a feel for what the solid looks like, what we really need is just a sketch of the cross-section. So, here’s a couple of sketches of the cross-sectional area.

The sketch on the left is really just the graph given in the problem statement with the only difference that we colored the right/left sides so it will match with the sketch on the right. The sketch on the right looks at the cross-section from directly above and is shown by the red line.
Let’s get a quick sketch of just the cross-section and let’s call the length of the side of each square s.

Now, along the bottom we’ve denoted the y-axis location in the cross-section with a black dot and the orange and green dots represent where the left and right portions of the circle are at. We can also see that, assuming the cross-section is placed at some y, the green dot must be a distance of √r2−y2 from the y-axis. Likewise, the orange dot must also be a distance of √r2−y2 from the y-axis (recall we want the distance to be positive here and so we drop the minus sign from the function to get a positive distance).
Now, we know that the area of the square is simply s2 and from the discussion above we see that,
s2=√r2−y2⇒s=2√r2−y2So, a formula for the area of the cross-section in terms of y is,
A(y)=s2=(2√r2−y2)2=4(r2−y2)Finally, we need the volume itself. We know that the volume is found by evaluating the following integral.
V=∫dcA(y)dyWe already have a formula for A(y) from Step 2 and from the sketches in Step 1 we can see that the “first” cross-section will occur at y=−r and that the “last” cross-section will occur at y=r and so these are the limits for the integral.
The volume is then,
V = \int_{{ - r}}^{r}{{4\left( {{r^2} - {y^2}} \right)\,dy}} = \left. {4\left( {y{r^2} - \frac{1}{3}{y^3}} \right)} \right|_{ - r}^r = \require{bbox} \bbox[2pt,border:1px solid black]{{\frac{{16}}{3}{r^3}}}Do not get excited about the r integral and area formula. It is just a constant. The only letter that is actually changing is y.